Climate change will reduce future global income by about 19 per cent in the next 25 years compared to a fictional world thatSA国际影视传媒檚 not warming, with the poorest areas and those least responsible for heating the atmosphere taking the biggest monetary hit, a new study said.

Climate changeSA国际影视传媒檚 economic bite in how much people make is already locked in at about $38 trillion a year by 2049, according to WednesdaySA国际影视传媒檚 study in the journal Nature by researchers at GermanySA国际影视传媒檚 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. By 2100 the financial cost could hit twice what previous studies estimate.

SA国际影视传媒淥ur analysis shows that climate change will cause massive economic damages within the next 25 years in almost all countries around the world, also in highly-developed ones such as Germany and the U.S., with a projected median income reduction of 11 per cent each and France with 13 per cent,SA国际影视传媒� said study co-author Leonie Wenz, a climate scientist and economist.

These damages are compared to a baseline of no climate change and are then applied against overall expected global growth in gross domestic product, said study lead author Max Kotz, a climate scientist. So while itSA国际影视传媒檚 19 per cent globally less than it could have been with no climate change, in most places, income will still grow, just not as much because of warmer temperatures.

For the past dozen years, scientists and others have been focusing on extreme weather such as heat waves, floods, droughts, storms as the having the biggest climate impact. But when it comes to financial hit the researchers found SA国际影视传媒渢he overall impacts are still mainly driven by average warming, overall temperature increases,SA国际影视传媒� Kotz said. It harms crops and hinders labor production, he said.

SA国际影视传媒淭hose temperature increases drive the most damages in the future because theySA国际影视传媒檙e really the most unprecedented compared to what weSA国际影视传媒檝e experienced historically,SA国际影视传媒� Kotz said. Last year, a record-hot year, the global average temperature was 1.35 degrees C warmer than pre-industrial times, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The globe has not had a month cooler than the 20th century average since February 1979.

In the United States, the southeastern and southwestern states get economically pinched more than the northern ones with parts of Arizona and New Mexico taking the biggest monetary hit, according to the study. In Europe, southern regions, including parts of Spain and Italy, get hit harder than places like Denmark or northern Germany.

Only Arctic adjacent areas SA国际影视传媒� Canada, Russia, Norway, Finland and Sweden SA国际影视传媒� benefit, Kotz said.

It also means countries which have historically produced fewer greenhouse gas emissions per person and are least able to financially adapt to warming weather are getting the biggest financial harms too, Kotz said.

The worldSA国际影视传媒檚 poorest countries will suffer 61 per cent bigger income loss than the richest ones, the study calculated.

SA国际影视传媒淚t underlies some of the injustice elements of climate,SA国际影视传媒� Kotz said.

This new study looked deeper than past research, examining 1,600 global areas that are smaller than countries, took several climate factors into account and examined how long climate economic shocks last, Kotz said. The study examined past economic impacts on average global domestic product per person and uses computer simulations to look into the future to come up with their detailed calculations.

Range of outcomes

The study shows that the economic harms over the next 25 years are locked in with emission cuts producing only small changes in the income reduction. But in the second half of this century thatSA国际影视传媒檚 when two different possible futures are simulated, showing that cutting carbon emissions now really pays off because of how the heat-trapping gases accumulate, Kotz said.

If the world could curb carbon pollution and get down to a trend that limits warming to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial times, which is the upper limit of the 2015 Paris climate agreement, then the financial hit will stay around 20 per cent in global income, Kotz said. But if emissions increase in a worst case scenario, the financial wallop will be closer to 60 per cent, he said.

That shows that the public shouldnSA国际影视传媒檛 think itSA国际影视传媒檚 a financial SA国际影视传媒渄oomsdaySA国际影视传媒� and nothing can be done, Kotz said.

Still, itSA国际影视传媒檚 worse than a 2015 study that predicted a worst case income hit of about 25 per cent by the end of the century.

Marshall Burke, the Stanford University climate economist who wrote the 2015 study, said this new researchSA国际影视传媒檚 finding that the economic damage ahead is locked in and large SA国际影视传媒渕akes a lot of sense.SA国际影视传媒�

Burke, who wasnSA国际影视传媒檛 part of this study, said he has some issues with some of the technical calculations SA国际影视传媒渟o I wouldnSA国际影视传媒檛 put a ton of weight on their specific numerical estimates, but I think the big picture is basically right.SA国际影视传媒�

The conclusions are on the high end compared to other recent studies, but since climate change goes for a long time and economic damage from higher temperatures keep compounding, they SA国际影视传媒渁dd up to very large numbers,SA国际影视传媒� said University of California Davis economist and environmental studies professor Frances Moore, who wasnSA国际影视传媒檛 part of the study. ThatSA国际影视传媒檚 why fighting climate change clearly passes economistsSA国际影视传媒� tests of costs versus benefits, she said.

SA国际影视传媒擝y Seth Borenstein, The Associated Press